It was made famous during World War II because of its advances in science and heavy water production (an important component required for the development of nuclear weapons). In 1934 the world’s largest hydro-electric powerplant was built at Vemork. Norsk Hydro started hydro-electric production in 1905 due to the high waterfalls throughout the valley. Once a significant industrial centre, Rjukan has had a very wealthy past. A 51m2 mirror now enables the market square to be lit up during the long, dark winter months. The founder of the town, Sam Eyde, thought out and suggested giant sun mirrors (Solspeil) in 1913, although they were not built until 2005 when Martin Anderson designed and completed the project. The peak of Gaustatoppen, the highest mountain in southern Norway, stands above the southern side of the valley at a height of 1883m, blocking the winter sun. Rjukan is located in a deep U-shaped glacial valley, sitting at 303m above sea level within the Telemark area of Norway.
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